OK—he’s one of those guys who occupy a real niche. Though he
was born just a year after Bach, and though he got around a lot more
than Bach, and though he was arguably much more famous than Bach (especially as
a composer), Nicola Porpora is so unknown that the computer—or the program Word—has
red-squiggled him. But even Word knows Johann Sebastian Bach.
And if you know Porpora, it’s probably because of one aria,
from the movie Farinelli. And the aria? Alto Giove—and every time I hear it, I
fall in love with all over again. It’s a typical aria meant to showcase the
singer—in this case the castrato’s—ability
to sing long, sustained melodic lines. Listen to the amazing counter tenor
Philippe Jaroussky start the opening note so softly he’s barely discernable,
swell it gradually, and then reduce to its opening softness. One note like could
bring down the house. Oh, and establish you as a very, very well off man after
a distinguished career. And at the age of 35, Jaroussky has scaled heights
every bit as dazzling as did Farinelli and Caffarelli, his counterparts 300
years ago.
And who was Porpora? He was born in Naples in 1686, and achieved fame for two things—as a composer and as a voice teacher. In fact, Porpora taught the greatest voices of his age—besides Farinelli and Caffarelli, mentioned above, there was also Salimbeni—and he also wrote arias that were uniquely tailored for the individual singer. But let another extraordinary singer, Cecilia Bartoli, speak:
Besides writing stupendously difficult but exciting music,
Porpora spent three months teaching composition to his most distinguished
student: Joseph Haydn. And Haydn’s account of it is revealing: “there was no
lack of asino, coglione, birbante (ass
/ cullion / rascal) and pokes in the ribs, but I put up with it all, for I profited
greatly from Porpora in singing, in composition, and in the Italian language.”
Porpora, in fact, became so famous that he was hired to
establish a rival opera house in London. And his rival? Georg Frederich Handel.
It has to be said—Handel walked away from the battle unscarred, whereas Porpora
went into bankruptcy. Still, if you’re going to lose, you could do worse than
lose to Handel.
Porpora then fled to Dresden, where he locked horns with the
preeminent German composer Johann Adolph Hasse. After that, it was Vienna, and
finally a return home to Naples.
And then he was old, and his music? No longer in fashion—it was
too florid, too ornate. By 1760, the age of classicism had started—it was to be
the world of Mozart and Haydn, not a 74 year old man. Porpora’s last opera, Camilla, was a flop, and when Porpora
died in 1768, he was penniless. And his famous students, Farinelli and
Caffarelli? Living a very nice life indeed in retirement. A subscription
concert had to be organized to bury Porpora.
Throughout his life, he had worked hard. He left behind,
Wikipedia reports, four dozen operas, a mass, a vespers, and violin and cello
sonatas. Oh, and this gem—the cello concerto in G Major